Charles Peaces Emblems essays

Charle's Peace's Emblems articles When taking a gander at any picture, as Stein states on his paper, it is evident to see the various characteristics, which in reality speak to the subject of that painting, including authentic and social implications just as personal portrayals of the sitter as a rule. This undeniable experience is particularly obvious while examining a self-picture. Through a self-picture, one can depict an accurate inward inclination, or feeling of being, into an outer accentuation on canvas. Ones complex self can be comprehended simpler by a craftsmen work. A specific self-representation would be that of Charles Willson Peace, entitled The Artist In His Museum (1822). In Peales self-picture, he depicts himself and his works through significant representation. This picture is an interesting method of communicating ones self through sorted out articles. These items don't actually show the individual importance, however absolutely speak to the photos implications in an entirety. They are the significance. These items really speak to the way of life by their painstakingly positioned positions in the representation. These are images that all have a relationship with the picture. Harmonies utilization of token likeness unites nature and craftsmanship, and furthermore inspects the ascent and progress of the historical center as told by Stein. Stein clarifies Peales utilization of symbolic representation through his utilization of various items, each with incredibly noteworthy qualities. The principal insignia would be a dead turkey lying on a taxidermists table holding on to be changed into an actual existence like show for the historical center. The turkey, which was brought to the gallery by his child, was from a westbound endeavor to Missouri. At the point when alive, this turkey wandered the timberlands and spoke to in the naturalists mind, the away from of the American wild; however when dead, shows the initial phase in reproducing the fledgling, giving it life inside the exhibition hall. The turkey was additionally a naturalists r ... <!

Impact of Globalisation

Question: Basically break down the effect of Globalization on prosperity in created economies? Answer: Presentation: The development of venture assets and organizations across national markets the world over is globalization. Globalization builds the availability of various markets. Be that as it may, the idea and meaning of globalization is perplexing in nature. The development of globalization occurred in the crude occasions. Beforehand individuals settled in various pieces of the world however their necessities probably won't be satisfied inside the regions. So for universal dynamism, for mechanical headway, to build productivity and size of creation, nations arranged on the five landmasses must be interconnected, related and occupied with every monetary movement. We realize that globalization crucially affects the creating countries yet for the article we require to know the effect of globalization on the prosperity of the created countries. Significant inquiries that should be addressed is what precisely is globalization and how it happens? What is prosperity and its marker? Furthermore, above all who are created nations. (Kolodko, n.d.) (Haugen Mach, 2010) Key issues: Development of Globalization: As said before that globalization is a crude idea. Globalization happened when individuals from various district used to distribute to different areas with the end goal of business, better living, procure benefits and so forth. Indeed, even now this custom proceeds however in a progressively precise manner. Globalization is a powerful procedure to convey business internationally, and acquiring mechanical progressions and monetary turn of events. The goal of the globalization is to build up association among countries so as to furnish derisive serious situation with low working expenses, so as to acquire more prominent number of items, administrations and customers. A serious situation is made by the broadening of crude materials and assets. (Akram Ch, Faheem, Bin Dost Abdullah, 2011) Segments of globalization: For understanding the effect of globalization on the prosperity of the created economies, we have to know the components of globalization. The constituents incorporate GDP which is the proportion of the economys all out yield, industrialization and the Human Development Index (HDI). The change of a nation to a modernized economy is finished by mechanical changes, social changes and monetary turn of events. This is the procedure of Industrialization. In conclusion, HDI is increasingly similar to a marker containing future, training pointer estimated by grown-up proficiency and the per capita pay. (Khan, 2012) Created Nations: Nations delineating an amazing monetary turn of events and can accomplish a decent status as far as GDP, industrialization and HDI is characterized as a Developed Country or Nation. In light of this definition, a portion of the created or industrialized nations are: United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Denmark, France, Germany, France, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland and so on. Prosperity and its markers: Prosperity is characterized as the procedure of how individuals feel and how they work either by and by or socially and individuals will in general assess their lives. To comprehend the monetary prosperity at the national level, it is imperative to comprehend the fundamental markers of the financial prosperity. These pointers are: Real Gross Domestic Product per capita, Real NNDI per capita, Household Income per head, Unemployment rate, Inflation rate, Human Development Index. Every one of these markers must show a positive nature to show that globalization had positive on them. (Krueger, 2009) Effect of globalization on prosperity of created economies: With the coming of globalization, nations currently can contend on an overall premise. The creation restructing, worldwide exchange and the budgetary market digestion is achieved by globalization. With the better availability between nations, the creating nations need advances to improve their economys development. The created countries have the foundation and assets to improve, design and present trend setting innovation with which they can fare to other creating country. This prompts capital inflow in the created countries. Age of FDI, giving a superior chance of capital inflows is one of the positive purposes of globalization. Different market analysts have attempted to assess the effect of globalization dependent on a few elements which incorporate exchange, capital streams, GDP per capita, FDI and so forth. Nations having relative bit of leeway take an interest in exchange and this outcome in development in the separate economy. It additionally develops a relationship between's the exchange streams receptiveness and the monetary presentation and development. We refer to a created nation, the United States and think about its FDI (net inflows), Trade level of GDP and level of GDP per capita development inside the year 2010-2013. The information uncovers that under globalization FDI has expanded, exchange rate has improved thus there is likewise reliable development in the United States. (Tvaronaviã„⠍ienã„â€, GrybaitㄆTunã„⠍ikienã„â€, 2013) Information of United States during the year 2010-2013 A long time Remote direct speculation, net inflows (BoP, current US$) 2010 2.59344E+11 2011 2.5741E+11 2012 2.17778E+11 2013 2.94971E+11 A long time Exchange (% of GDP) 2010 28 2011 31 2012 31 2013 31 A long time Gross domestic product per capita development (yearly %) 2010 1.7 2011 0.9 2012 1.6 2013 1.5 Information Source: (Data.worldbank.org, 2013) A portion of these elements characterize the monetary prosperity marker. With the chance of expanded work power investment because of globalization the worldwide joblessness rate diminishes. The progression of the world dependent on GDP from 2010 to 2013 is $65.21 trillion to $75.59 trillion. This demonstrates the NNDI per capita is expanded which prompts a superior way of life around the world. Opening up of exchange additionally improves exchange relations among nations. With the exchange of innovation and different exercises the wellbeing part, training division is improved, making the created countries rank high as far as HDI. This again demonstrates the prosperity of the created countries. The present future during childbirth is 71 years (2012). (Breznitz Zysman, 2013) (McDonald, 2013) Be that as it may, globalization may not generally yield positive outcomes. The receptiveness and free nature of exchange additionally climbs the danger of disappointment in little organizations who can't contend all around. Another negative effect is that the local ventures in certain nations are hampered and gets jeopardized. (Tvaronaviã„⠍ienã„â€, GrybaitㄆTunã„⠍ikienã„â€, 2013) End: The main concern of the effect of globalization on the prosperity in created countries is to give a field to diminish macroeconomic instability on yield and utilization with the assistance of enhancement of risk. The globalization might be appeared as a positive idea just profiting the world overall yet the negative parts of the globalization can't be disregarded. The hardship of the local makers can prompt the elimination certain items, it can likewise prompt a potential circumstance of joblessness which will inevitably hamper the prosperity of the economy. (Ritzer, 2011) References Akram Ch, M., Faheem, M., Bin Dost, M. furthermore, Abdullah, I. (2011).Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development. [online] https://ijbssnet.com/. Accessible at: https://ijbssnet.com/diaries/Vol_2_No_23_Special_Issue_December_2011/36.pdf [Accessed 11 Feb. 2015]. Breznitz, D. furthermore, Zysman, J. (2013).The third globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Data.worldbank.org, (2013).United States | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/nation/US [Accessed 11 Feb. 2015]. Haugen, D. furthermore, Mach, R. (2010).Globalization. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Khan, D. (2012). Globalization and its effect on Indian Higher Education: Promises and Perils.Global Journal For Research Analysis, 2(1), pp.27-28. Kolodko, G. (n.d.). Globalization and Its Impact on Economic Development.SSRN Journal. Krueger, A. (2009).Measuring the emotional prosperity of countries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. McDonald, I. (2013). The Measurement of Well-Being: Introduction.Australian Economic Review, 46(1), pp.59-61. Ritzer, G. (2011).Globalization. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Tvaronaviã„⠍ienã„â€, M., Grybaitã„â€, V. what's more, Tunã„⠍ikienã„â€, Ã…  ½. (2013). Globalization drivers in created and less created nations: if reliable examples can be traced.Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 2(4), pp.5-11.

Fat Girls in Romance Novels

Fat Girls in Romance Novels This is a guest post from Alison Doherty. Alison lives in Brooklyn and recently graduated from The New School with an MFA in writing for children. She blogs about young adult books atHardcovers and Heroines and is working on her first novel. Follow her on Twitter  @alisoncdoherty. I’ve equated being thin with being sexual for most of my life. In kindergarten, a baby sitter once called me fat (her exact words were “soccer ball stomach”). I remember thinking that it didn’t matter what my body looked like. I was six years old. I wasn’t trying to get a boyfriend. Later, in ballet class, I examined my leotard-clad body in the mirrored walls. I was taller, more broad shouldered, and, yes, thicker waisted than the other miniature ballerinas doing plies next to me at the barre. However, I didn’t feel upset or ashamed at the time. That would be something to worry about later. I’ve always felt fine with my body as long as it remained my own. Seeking approval, attraction, and even romantic connection with others is where my self-esteem wavers. These thoughts continued into high school and college. I’d go on extreme diets and turn into a girl who wore low cut tops and tossed my hair and giggled at boys’ jokes. Then I’d gain the weight back and retreat into a studious persona. Looking at pictures of me at both fifteen and five I can see now that I wasn’t really overweight, at least not in a medical sense. Not at my highest jean size. Not after a summer of eating little more than string cheese and Special K cereal. But my body was different from most of the girls in my class. It was a topic of concern and conversation at home and, at times, an object of scorn on the playground or at school dances. I couldn’t imagine anyone loving or being attracted to it, and by extension, me. Reading essays by Gloria Steinem and Simone de Beauvoir did little to change this thought pattern.  Instead, it was fat girls in romance novels that shifted my point of view. I’m not saying they entirely saved the day (or my sanity) all at once. But a few overweight romance heroines helped me move into a more body positive zone. They started to break down the link between body size and sexuality I’d held since before I even knew what the word sexuality meant. It started with Good in Bed, by Jennifer Weiner, where the overweight heroine is, as the title suggests, good in bed. However it’s not her appearance that earns her this title. Instead, it’s because of her ability to give and receive pleasure. Honestly, at sixteen I’d never thought sexy meant anything other than looking sexy. This book began to change that, even though she does lose a lot of weight near the end of the book before finding true love (an unfortunate trope in an a complex and nuanced story). Bet Me  by Jennifer Crusie built on these lessons. The specifics of main character Min’s size are never fully revealed, but she’s described as “chubby,” “fat,” and “voluptuous” throughout the book. She’s also described as beautiful several times by Calvin Morrisey, the reputed ladies man who ends up falling for her. Again, she is sexy primarily not because of her appearance, but because of her experiences with Cal in the bedroom. She doesn’t just get to have her cake and eat it, too. She gets orgasms and Krispy Kremes to boot. As with Jennifer Weiner’s book, with Min I saw a romantic role model that looked more like me than anyone on television or in movies. I found the real plus size heroine of my heart in Lady Calpurnia Hartwell, from Sarah MacLean’s Nine Rules to Break When Romancing a Rake. In this regency romance, Callie has spent her life wearing unfortunate dresses and sitting in spinster-seating at balls. But, of her own volition, she decides to change that with a list of adventures to undertake. The Marquess of Ralston begins accompanying her on these adventures and, not-so-surprising spoiler alert, falls in love with her. But it isn’t his love or attraction that makes Callie feel beautiful and sexy. Instead, it’s her journey of rediscovering her personality and learning to assert it. While her size is made clear, there are no mentions of food, dieting, or losing weight. This is what makes Callie’s story my favorite. Also its one of the hottest books I’ve ever read, which doesn’t hurt. Romance novels are safe places for girls to try out and fantasize about romantic and sexual relationships before they’re ready to undertake them in real life. I think this is especially important for overweight or curvy or whatever-you-want-to-call-it girls, because too often the world asserts that they don’t deserve these experiences or that kind of attention. I know this was true for me, and am beyond grateful to these three authors, and the others who write full, rich, sexy romantic lives for characters with bigger than average body types. Now if only I could find a guy like Calvin Morrisey or Lord Ralston on Tinder I’d be all set. Sign up for Kissing Books to receive  news, book recommendations, and more for residents of Romancelandia. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

History of St. Valentines Day - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2151 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category History Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Celebration Essay Did you like this example? History of St. Valentines Day Introduction: †¢ Saint Valentines Day  (commonly shortened to  Valentines Day)  is an annual commemoration (celebration) held on February 14 celebrating  love  and  affection between  intimate companions. †¢ The day is named after one or more early Christian  martyrs(s somebody who suffers death for the people)  named  Valentine. †¢ It is traditionally a day on which lovers express their love for each other by  presenting flowers, offering  confectionery (CANDY) (is the set of food items that are rich in sugar), and sending  greeting cards (known as valentines). Modern Valentines Day symbols include the  heart-shaped  outline, doves, and the figure of the winged  Cupid (winged boy). Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have largely given way to mass-produced  greeting cards and the oldest known Valentine card is on display at the British Museum. †¢ By the end of the century, printed cards began to replace written letters due to improvements in printing technology. Ready-made cards were an easy way for people to express their emotions in a time when direct expression of ones feelings was discouraged. Cheaper postage rates also contributed to an increase in the popularity of sending Valentines Day greetings. †¢ According to the Greeting Card Association, an estimated one billion valentine cards are sent each year, making Valentines Day the second largest card-sending holiday of the year (An estimated 2. 6 billion cards are sent for Christmas. ). †¢ Approximately 85 percent of all valentines are purchased by women. In addition to the United States, Valentines Day is celebrated in Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, France, and Australia. The first commercial Valentines Day greeting cards produced in the U. S. were created in the 1840s by Esther A. Howland. Howland, known as the Mother of the Valentine, made elaborate creations with real lace, ribbons and colourful pictures known as scrap. Who was valentine? The Saint Valentine that appears in various  martyrologies  in connection with February 14 is described either as: ? A  priest  in  Rome, ? A bishop, or A martyr in the Roman province of  Africa. History: (And coming to St . valentine day was supposedly started in the time of the Roman Empire. In Ancient Rome, the date of February 14 was a holiday to honour the Queen of Roman Goddesses and Gods, Juno. Juno was known as the Goddess of women and marriage. The next day February 15 was the first day of the Festival known as the Feast of Lupercia. ) ? On February 14 is was said that the young boys and girls of the villages would write down the names of every girl and place these names in a jar of which each young man would have to draw a name of a girl and this particular maiden would be their partner for the duration of the festival. Sometimes these parings would last a year and end up in marriage. These rituals u nder the laws of Claudius were banned as the Emperor believed that the reasons why men would now go to war were because they did not want to leave their lovers or families. ?   As a result all marriages and engagements were cancelled as a result Saint Valentine a Roman priest was said to have married these couples in secret and for this he was executed on the 14th day of February. ? While St Valentine was in jail it is said that he fell in love with the jailers’ daughter. By a miracle or some say by the prayers of Valentine she gained her sight and as a last farewell in a note he was to From Your Valentine. Another story as to the origins of Valentines Day was that he was a priest who was also a physician and would cure the sick. ? He was also said to have tried to cure the jailers blind daughter, but, was arrested and on the day of his execution he wrote a note as a final farewell saying From your Valentine which some say is what caused her to gain her sight. ? It is also said while he was in jail awaiting execution that he was sent little notes and flowers from the children whom he had helped when they were sick. This also may have been one of the reasons why he sent a farewell note to the jailers’ daughter and why we send valentines. St Valentines Day is celebrated on February 14 of each year; the reason why it is celebrated on this day is because this was the day that the Patron Saint of Lovers St Valentine was supposedly executed on. On this day lovers all around the world mark this occasion as a day for sending poems, cards, flowers or candy, etc. They might also be a social gathering or ball to mark the occasion. Valentine Traditions ? Hundreds of years ago in England, many children dressed up as adults on Valentines Day. They went singing from home to home. One verse they sang was: ? Good morning to you, valentine; Curl your locks as I do mine Two before and three behind. Good morning to you, valentine. ? In Wales wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on February 14th. Hearts, keys and keyholes were favourite decorations on the spoons. The decoration meant, You unlock my heart! ? In the Middle Ages, young men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear these names on their sleeves for one week. To wear your heart on your sleeve now means that it is easy for other people to know how you are feeling. In some countries, a young woman may receive a gift of clothing from a young man. If she keeps the gift, it means she will marry him. ? Some people used to believe that if a woman saw a robin flying overhead on Valentines Day, it meant she would marry a sailor. If she saw a sparrow, she would marry a poor man and be very happy. If she saw a goldfinch, she would marry a millionaire. ? A love seat is a wide chair. It was first made to seat one woman and her wide dress. Later, the love seat or courting seat had two sections, often in an S-shape. In this way, a cou ple could sit together but not too closely! Think of five or six names of boys or girls you might marry, As you twist the stem of an apple, recite the names until the stem comes off. You will marry the person whose name you were saying when the stem fell off. ? Pick a dandelion that has gone to seed. Take a deep breath and blow the seeds into the wind. Count the seeds that remain on the stem. That is the number of children you will have. ? If you cut an apple in half and count how many seeds are inside, you will also know how many children you will have. How did flowers and lace join Valentines Day? Most of the items linked to Valentines Day came from old-fashioned customs that used lace handkerchiefs and floral bouquets to pass on non-verbal messages. ? When the custom went out of style for everyday use, the original meaning was lost and eventually they became part of the Valentines Day tradition. ? Giving flowers dates back to the 1700s when Charles II of Sweden introduced the Pe rsian custom of the language of flowers to Europe. Books about the meanings of particular flowers were published, and entire conversations could be carried out using only a bouquet of flowers. The rose has become the traditional Valentines Day flower. As it has always been a popular flower, the meaning of the red rose is still well known as the flower of passion and love. The red rose is also the favourite flower of Venus, the goddess of love, which helped give the rose its symbolic meaning. ? Lace Centuries ago, a woman would drop her handkerchief in front of the man she liked. This was a form of encouragement to him, and if he picked it up for her an introduction could be made. Lace has always been part of womens handkerchiefs, and it has since been linked to romance. Cupid He is the winged child whose arrows are shot into the hearts of potential lovers. His victims are supposed to fall deeply in love with someone. In both Greek and Roman mythology Cupid is the son of the goddess of love and is always part of celebration of love and lovers. ? The heart The heart is linked to Valentines Day because it was once considered the source of all human emotions. The custom of drawing a heart shape is believed to come from early attempts to draw an organ no one had ever seen. The symbol progressed to become known as a sign of love. Its for the birds: Lovebirds are often part of Valentines Day. Found in Africa, these brightly coloured birds sit very close together with their mates, earning them their name. ? Doves are also part of the tradition. They are symbols of love and loyalty because they mate for life. A pair of doves will also share the care of all their babies. ? Love knots A love knot is a symbol of everlasting love, because its winding loops have no beginnings or ends. In times past, they were made of ribbon or drawn on paper to prove ones undying love. Celebrations: In  India, in the past Valentines Day has been explicitly discouraged by activists. Sin ce 2001 there has been protests opposing it as cultural pollution from the West. Those who violate this are dealt with harshly, chasing young people holding hands and others suspected to be lovers. ? Despite complaints from religious groups that it is an affront to Indian tradition and culture, and further westernizing the Indian populous, Valentines Day has now become a widely recognized and celebrated day with Indian people. ? Traditionally, the choice of whom a young girl marries, was usually made by her parents. Now though, many educated and professional women in India are following their own hearts, and the young men have also discovered that Valentines Day offers an opportunity to lure the young women their way. ? The Indian Post Office is also cashing in. It has launched a set of floral-scented stamps for Valentines Day and hopes this will encourage people to send letters and cards to each other, rather than relying on emails and text messages to express their love. ? Trad itional Indian society does not approve of public displays of affection between men and women, including hand-holding and kissing. Another Hindu organization, the Shiv Sena, has said it will take pictures of couples caught expressing their love in cinemas, cafes, and shopping malls and give the pictures to their parents. ? Valentines Day is a relatively new concept in India but it has grown in significance in the past five years. Valentine Day Facts ? Teachers receive the most Valentines Day cards, followed by children, mothers, wives, and then, sweethearts. Children between ages 6 to 10 exchange more than 650 million Valentines cards with teachers, classmates, and family members. 73% of Valentine Day flowers are bought by men, whereas women buy only 23% of Valentine flowers. ? Amongst the earliest Valentines Day gifts were candies. The most common were chocolates in heart shaped boxes. ? Around 3% of pet owners prefer to give Valentine gifts to their pets, as they are more grateful than humans. Conclusion: And so here is a complete list of suggestions to give at Valentines. Hope you and *someone* live happy forever. I like chocolates and plushies and my favourite sidebar is the valentines one. Just in case you were wondering. Quotes Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love When love is not madness, it is not love. â€Å"Lifes greatest happiness is to be convinced we are loved. † â€Å"A life without love is like a year without summer. † There is no remedy for love but to love more. Some love lasts a lifetime. True love lasts forever. Love is the greatest refreshment in life. At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet. Love is a mutual self-giving which ends in self-recovery. Better to have loved and lost, than to have never loved at all. To love another person is to see the face of God. There is no remedy for love but to love more. Def: Valentines Day is a day to express your love, and to celebrate the spirit of lov e. On feb 14, we think about people we love. we also think abt frnds. we may send these special people messages called valentines. it is fun to make or choose these decorated greetings. it feels good to thm when some times give and get gifts. February 14 is valentines day. Every FEB 14, people around the world show their frndship love for those around them by celebrating valentines day. Valentines day has been around for hundred of years. The antient Romans celebrated a Lupercalia, a festival in honour of roman god faunas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History of St. Valentines Day" essay for you Create order

Letter From A Gifted Kid - 830 Words

Letter from a gifted kid Dear world, stop the music. Stop talking. Stop everything because I have to find my thoughts again. I have to think again because if I can t think, I have nothing. There is nothing for me. I am not beautiful without those thoughts. I am not talented without those thoughts. I am no longer the kid that so many people believed in without those thoughts. I am the dust on the ground that someone should have kicked, someone should have trampled, someone should have spewed spit on, but decided not to because they thought one day it would rain, the sun would shine, clouds would part, and a seed would sprout forth new life from the dust. If only they urged the plant to grow, a flower would open awestricken to the sky. Well, guess what! It rained, the sun shined, clouds parted, but all that was left was mud- mud that can t think, mud that can t put pen to paper like it did in the fourth grade, mud with a brain that doesn t move as quick as it should or used to move, mud that can t explain the experiment it told you about as an eight year old, mud that can t decide on a path and stick to it (Millions diverged in a yellow wood), mud that is still stuck at the fork, mud trying to muddle through the mess of its mind, the trash left from years of gathering information, the torrent of short-lived passions, the debris left from the war of trying to fulfill some prescribed destiny, lost mud, sad mud. Middle school mud that promised it would never allow itselfShow MoreRelatedFinding The Teachers Perception About The Giftedness Early Childhood1045 Words   |  5 Pagesto grasp array of perspectives and multiple interpretations of the individuals regarding the issue I am investigating (Glesne, 1999). 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(Schwartz 1997) As we look back at history itself, we can see that the role of childhood education has been dependent uponRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Condition Of Dyslexia1637 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: CAPITAL LETTERS Title Alondra Alcala Homer Hanna High School Literature and Compositions Mr. Gonzalez (March 22, 2016) Abstract This paper explores articles that inform about the condition of dyslexia, like the possible causes, the various signs and symptoms that can be noticed at different ranges of age, the skills affected by dyslexia and the different ways to improve affected skills, the ways to diagnose dyslexia and the importance of doing so, and last but not least

Memoirs Free Essays

Anne Frank is the best known of these two people, far more than Romeo Dallaire. Her struggle for survival and her eventual plight of death in a concentration camp have awed the world for the last sixty years. Just a young girl who had the rest of her life to look forward to and her youthful plans for that life that were snuffed short by a war machine and the hatred of a man she would never see, Adolph Hitler. We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hitler’s madness and his intricate hatred for followers of the Jewish faith subsequently brought a halt to millions of lives of people that had never seen him, known him or would have ever harmed him. His fanatical crusade for the â€Å"Arian† race to populate the world and do an ethnic cleansing of any other race, creed or religion created one of the most horrendous and infamous atrocities in world history, the Holocaust. Everyone who has ever read Diary of a Young Girl could not help but be moved by Anne Frank’s courage and optimism during her enforced hiding with her family and the other residents in that attic as she tried to maintain hope in the ominous face of an adverse society that had invaded her native country. It is truly amazing how she managed to maintain her sanity and her outlook on life through such a horrific ordeal. Just fifteen years old with very little experience at life, she seemed to possess a profound ability to see things as they â€Å"really were† and not as she or the others would have wished them to be. Yet, it did not seem to quell her belief that there was good in people and that only a few were responsible for the misery that is often imposed upon others simply because of another’s beliefs or policies. It has to make one wonder if it were not partly because it was a more innocent time in the world when children were not constantly besieged by violence, crime or prejudice. Though probably one of the world’s most famous victims of prejudice, Anne Frank maintained that innocence through her whole life. She was a child caught in a nightmare not of her own making and she along with millions of others suffered because of that nightmare. Romeo Dallaire was a military man that by choice involved him in these types of matters. A Canadian Major General, Dallaire, headed a small United Nations peacekeeping force, UNAMIR, in Rwanda, Africa. Horrible atrocities became evident to him and he set out to appeal for help in these murders that were so ethnic in nature. It involved a conflict that the ruling regime, the Hutu, had begun mass massacres of the Tutsis, a different sect within the country. It was totally classified as ethnic in policy. When Dallaire faxed for advice in 1994, his fax was treated with little or no attention. The United Nations refused to acknowledge it as genocide and would not allow Dallaire to do anything beyond the regular rules that his small military unit was allowed to pursue. Dallaire had to sit back helplessly and watch this atrocity go unchecked. Unlike Anne Frank, he was not a personal victim but he was just as helpless in changing the effect of what was happening. In his writings later, Shake Hands With The Devil, Dallaire expounded on the ineffectualness of Genocide Committees, such as the UN had, when it was doubtful if a particular action within a country can be termed as ethnic genocide. Time has proven constantly that other countries or even the United Nations in these more modern times are extremely hesitant to act despite sometimes often insurmountable proof that ethnic cleansing is occurring and it should be stopped immediately. So what similarities would be between Anne Frank and Romeo Dallaire? They both wrote important works on the results and after effects of ethnic cleansing and genocidal war. Anne Frank’s viewpoint came from an innocent bystander. Her only crime? She was a Jew. She had led a quiet gentle life within a loving family structure and she was only aware of the persecution of the Jewish population by what was happening around her. Once in seclusion, her writings intensified as she grew more and more aware of the plight of other people and of her childhood friends and their families either frantically trying to escape or captured by the Nazis and sent to the concentration camps where most of them never returned. Her diary, which she referred to as â€Å"Kitty†, was begun before she and her family were forced into hiding. It shows all the normal qualities of a young girl her age. Her young hopes and dreams and the beginnings of puberty. Her delightful and expectant views of what life would be like when she was grown were the strongest proof of her innocence. She was a friendly, astute and open person and those qualities did stand her in good stead while she remained in hiding for two years. She managed to maintain a very mature calm while some of the older adults around her were literally â€Å"falling to pieces.† She seemed to rise above the petty squabbles and accusations that formed when so many people are crammed into such close quarters for so long. She tried not to dwell on the lack of food, fresh air, or miserable living conditions that she existed in but instead took a very philosophical point of view of what was happening around her and to her. Her incredible courage has inspired people constantly through the years since her untimely death and the publication of her diary. She very clearly knew the difference between right and wrong. Through her diary, she made a world wake up to how quickly one group can impose its values on another and if the imposed group refused those values, then violence and mass death could erupt from it. To quote the old phrase â€Å"Out of the mouths of babes†, whether trite or not, in this instance, a child taught an adult world what was wrong with prejudice, stupidity and the aggressiveness of war. Romeo Dallaire’s own writings have been a good source for endless purposes as far as a teaching and informative guide to how not to miss the very clear signs of ethnic war. Because Dallaire’s hands were tied in the military sense and the United Nations’ refusal to act upon his advice from the situation that eventually escalated into a full scale war. Dallaire is often quoted by writers on war and genocide because his graphic description of how the massacring of the Tutsis people in Rwanda should have been clear warning signs of what was going to happen. It is one thing to set of councils against genocide but to refuse to act upon situations that fall under the jurisdiction of these councils is almost as heinous as the very acts of war themselves. In an odd comparison, Anne Frank and Romeo Dallaire were exactly alike as they were both witnesses to these atrocities and they were both completely helpless to do anything to stop them outside of writing about them. It is perhaps some comfort that through both of their written observations, we, as a world, are better able to see the fallacy in these types of confrontations and hopefully in the future, take more steps to insure that they never happen again. Works Cited/ References: 1.How to Prevent Genocide: A Guide for Policymakers, Scholars, and the Concerned Citizen by John G. Heindenrich, Praeger Publishing, 2001 2. The Door of Opportunity: Creating a Permanent Peacekeeping Force:   Journal Article by Lionel Rosenblatt, Larry Thompson, World Policy Journal, Vol. 15, 1998 3. Understanding Anne Frank’s the Diary of A Young Girl, A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents by Hedda   Rosner Kopf, Greenwood Press, 1998 4. Anne Frank: The Biography: Magazine Article by Martyn Bedford; New Statesman, Vol. 129, April 2, 1999 How to cite Memoirs, Essay examples

Problems In Intercultural Communication Essay Example For Students

Problems In Intercultural Communication Essay Word Count: 1681 Humans have been communicating since four million years. On the other hand, the birth of culture is estimated to have token place about 35,000 years ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects, intercultural communication can be the cause of conflict and disorder. There are three main issues which are at the root of the problem of intercultural miscommunication : language as a barrier, cultural diversity and ethnocentrism. I will analyze these three notions in situations in which intercultural communication is frequent such as : the workplace, the classroom and vacation trips. The way people communicate varies widely between, and even within, cultures. One aspect of communication style is language usage. Language has always been perceived as a link between people but it can also constitute a barrier. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in countries that share the English language, the meaning of yes varies from maybe, Ill consider it; to ;definitely so,; with many shades in between . Furthermore, communication between cultures which do not share the same language is considerably more difficult . Each culture, has its distinct syntax, expressions and structure which causes confusion in intercultural communication. For example , in Asian countries the word no is rarely used, so that yea can mean no or perhaps. Therefore, an American traveling to Japan might be considered impolite if he ignores this rule. Furthermore, individuals who are not comfortable with a certain language may not be taken seriously. Such is the case in the classroom, where a student who has a perfect knowledge of the subject in question may have difficulty expressing his idea due to his inability to write properly and therefore he would not receive the grade he truly deserves. Similarly intercultural communication is dominant in the workplace. In the past, many companies and organizations could operate entirely within their country of origin and conduct their activities exclusively in their own native language. But now, due to an increasingly amount of intercultural business, some American companies require for their employees to have a good knowledge in languages such as Japanese, German, Italian Sociolinguists examine social and cultural influences on language behavior. Among the most important concepts to emerge are those relating to dialects and language standards. Sociolinguists have documented the presence of dialects in every language. These dialects, all of which are legitimate, are associated with educational, economic, social and historical conditions. Hence, even if an individual scrupulously studies all the possible dictionaries of a random language, he would still be somewhat of a stranger to that language since he is unaware of all the dialectal changes. In addition to differences in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammatical structures among cultural groups, variations also exist in the rules for general discourse in oral communication, covering such specific acts as narratives and conversation. In communicating with one another, teachers and students naturally will follow the assumptions and rules governing discourse within their respective cultures. Discourse rules govern such aspects of communication as: opening or closing conversations; taking turns during conversations; interrupting; using silence as a communicative device; interjecting humor at appropriate times and using nonverbal behavior. Once again, an American student studying in the middle east, who would constantly interrupt the teacher in order to clarify the professors opinion, would be considered to be extremely rude since he would be defying his authority. Atomic Bomb EssayBesides language other intercultural differences may be the cause of conflict. Hence, in this specific case, diversity is considered to be at the root of miscommunication. In comparison to verbal communication, non verbal communication takes a different form in different cultures. Gestures and facial expressions play a key role in communication. However, each culture incorporates different types of gestures and disregards others. For example, in most western societies , it is customary to shake ones hand upon introduction. However, in most oriental countries shaking ones hand is frown upon, since they believe bowing is the only .

A Midsummer NightS Dream Essays - Fiction, Hermia, Demetrius

A Midsummer NightS Dream Essays - Fiction, Hermia, Demetrius A Midsummer NightS Dream William Shakespeare intensifies the emotion of love and foolishness in the epic tale of four lovers and an enchanted forest in his classic Midsummer Nights Dream. Early in this work, we learn of two young maidens, Hermia and Helena, and their unfulfilled passions. Hermia, the daughter of a gentleman, is cast into the burden of marrying a suitor, Demetrius, chosen by her father for which she does not love. Instead, she has fallen for Lysander. To agitate further, Helena is madly in love with Demetrius, who treats her as if she does not exist. As a result, Helenas emotions can be shared by everybody: infatuation, betrayal, jealousy, and spite. Therefore, it is Helenas character that answers to comedy as a tortured soul among lovers in fairyland. Everywhere in the play, Helena plays the victim of Demetrius apathy. We find pity for poor Helena when she finally catches up to Demetrius in the forest and says Ill follow thee and make a heaven of hell, to die upon the hand I love so well (336). In desperation, Helena cries we cannot fight for love, as men may do; we should be wood and were not made to woo (336). So unrequited is her love that she begs him Stay, though thou kill me, sweet Demetrius (340). Helenas jealousy of her friend Hermia emerges from her soliloquy Happy is Hermia, wheresoeer she lies, for she hath blessed and attractive eyes (340). When she finally receives the attention and affection from Demetrius, she becomes mortified at the thought that Hermia and Demetrius have plotted to humiliate her even further by mocking her. Helena vehemently protests O spite! O hell! I see you all are bent to set against me for your merriment (345). When she finally encounters Demetrius and Hermia, she questions the decency of their motives Have not set Demetrius, who even but now did spurn me with his foot, to call me goddess, nymph, divine and rare, precious, celestial? (346). Her torment is so real that she slowly embraces the fate of her existence. But fare ye well. Tis partly my own fault, which death, or absence, soon shall remedy (346). Fortunately, as with all comedies during the Elizabethan era, the play ends and everything turns out exceptionally well (327). With the help of the fairies, Demetrius pairs with Helena and she becomes a tortured soul no more. The only question left to ponder is the view of humanity as seen in this play a just view of love or that of infatuation, lust, and merriment?

Terrorism Essays

Terrorism Essays Terrorism Essay Terrorism Essay Terrorism Name: Institution: Date: Terrorism The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on U.S soil made the country realize its vulnerability to terrorist attacks. A decade later, the terror threat remains present despite the efforts made by the United States to thwart terror agents across the globe. The Western countries such as the UK, Spain and the US have been some of the major targets. Israel being aligned to western ideals has also been an object of terror attacks. Terrorism in U.S soil in 2001 changed the face of the United States in terms of domestic security and foreign policy. Terrorism in the world varies since terror attacks are heavier in other areas as opposed to others. Areas that are the most vulnerable are countries that harbor terrorist and extremist groups and the countries next to them. Pakistan, for example, saw one of the highest terror attacks in 2011 with 1,436 attacks (NCTC 2011, p10). The country’s proximity to Afghanistan makes it more vulnerable to terror attacks since the Afghanistan harbors the Taliban extremist group. The only other countries with high terrorist attacks were Afghanistan and Iraq. The sites of terror activities usually enjoy freedom from government interference. An example is the Taliban in the mountains of Afghanistan or the Al-Shabaab in Somalia. The lawless nature of these countries gives them the opportunity to operate freely within these countries. The failed attacks of an Israeli jetliner, for example, the terrorist were said to have come in through Somalia where lawlessness makes it impossible to control terror groups (Shinn 2004, p33). As a result, several terror attacks have taken place because of the operational freedom terror groups have to further their causes. Laws and procedures need to be applied stringently to ensure that terror groups are not allowed to operate. The Wars on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan by the international community are some of the efforts made to ensure that countries have legitimate governments that protect the rule of law. United States have embarked on a scheme to monitor the communication among its citizens after the events of September 11, 2001. If law enforcement agencies were monitoring communication, in realtime, maybe the attacks would have been averted. However, the most important thing is to advocate for strengthening terror laws in countries where these laws do not exist. Government should be at the forefront of designing policy, law and organizations to carry out the procedures requirements set out in the laws and policies. The government has the mandate to provide security to its citizens. It is only right that they should be accorded the mandate to determine anti-terror laws and agencies fit to enforce such law. However, while the government play a major role in anti-terror activities, it is also necessary that it includes other parties such as the public and private sector since the laws directly affect them. It should also liaise with other countries to ensure that terror attacks involving terror attacks on American people in foreign lands are under control (Shinn 2004, p37). The moral obligation or practical reason of the United States has been questioned with regard to being involved in terror activities in other countries. However, they have both a practical reason and a moral obligation to fight terrorism in the world. A practical reason would be that America cannot stand by yet they have felt the full effects of terror on their own soil. America standing by means that they leave room for the terror groups to strengthen and cause more harm to the world and to the American people at home and away from home. In 2004, armed assailants stormed into the American embassy in Jeddah Saudi Arabia resulting in five deaths. If America is not concerned with the terror implications to its people from other countries, then it will have failed in its mandate to protect its citizens. Morally, the United States is obliged to interfere in terror activities in other countries since these activities usually perpetrate human rights violations. The vast military resources are unwarranted if they cannot be used to safeguard global citizens who have the right to a peaceful existence. Since 9/11, the idea of terrorism has affected every American in one way or the other. The immediate impact was the fear that gripped the nation and the many lives lost in the bombings were unbearable. Security measures have been felt across the country so that people can feel much safer since the terror attacks inspired fear. This fear has had negative effects to the Islam community living the United States and abroad (Elshatain 2003, p20). These Americans have been considered enemies in their own countries despite the fact that they had no involvement in the attacks and were as equally shocked like other fellow Americans. In this sense, the events of 9/11 have brought about racial tensions between people of Mid East Asian descent and other American people (Elshatain 2003, p33). The terror attacks also destroyed the picture Americans had about how the country was perceived around the world. The American people realized that they were not a beloved nation all over the world. The nati on also entered into two wars that have been some of the longest wars the U.S has ever fought. As a result, American lives have been lost in these wars leaving loved ones behind. The American people are now concerned with how safe they are. Security remains among the top priorities for the American people. This has made the government increase expenditure on security issues both internally and externally. Its main aim is to ensure that terrorism in the world is finished. The United States have recorded successes in the battle against terror. For example, the killing of the Osama Bin Laden, the leader of the Al-Qaeda showed the commitment of the country with regard to terror. The levels of terrorism in the world have reduced by 12% in 2011 (NCTC 2011, p9). America has been an effective contributor in achieving these results. References Elshtain, J. B. (2003). Just war against terror: The burden of American power in a violent world. New York: Basic Books. National Counter Terrorism Center. (2011). The National Counterterrorism Center Report on Terrorism. The U.S Government. Retrieved from nctc.gov/docs/2011_NCTC_Annual_Report_Final.pdf Shinn, D. (September 2004). â€Å"Fighting Terrorism In East Africa and the Horn†, Foreign Service Journal, pg 36-42. Retrieved from afsa.org/FSJ/0904/index.html#/1/

Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Total Quality Management - Essay Example This approach to quality helps in sustenance of success and business profits in the long run. Moreover, adopting TQM approach is also a long-term commitment and cannot be achieved through simple practices. TQM is more of a philosophy and a culture that infuses focus on quality, improvement, as well as innovation. Hence, this approach uses a combination of different practices, tools and techniques. The present discourse explains application of one such technique at the accounting section of Al Faisaliah, in Saudi Arabia, which resulted in an overall improvement and sustenance of their performance in terms of key results; further this approach helped in identifying non-performing areas and in stabilizing new practices that replaced conventional methods of working in order to sustain high performance. Basically, application of TQM happens in two phases namely the human resources phase and application of tools and techniques phase. The process of TQM requires commitment from employees an d effective coordination and communication along with new methods of working. Both phases are closely linked to each other in the process of TQM application because achieving total quality is possible only through strong commitment, teamwork and application of various tools, techniques and practices produce high-quality and/or sustainable results. One such comprehensive approach, or tool, to achieving continuous improvement in all business areas is the Six Sigma methodology. About Six-Sigma, Tennant (2001) suggests that Six Sigma, as an approach to TQM, can be viewed as a vision and philosophy that can direct an organization, department, and team or function towards highest quality standards; as a metric, a symbol, a goal and a methodology to help an organization maintain highest quality standards. However, this approach cannot be considered as the end solution or guarantee of success; and is a complex mix of different tools and techniques. This methodology can be applied to manufac turing as well as service industries. Just as TQM is a measure of continuous improvement, Six Sigma methodology is most suitably applicable to achieve continuous improvement in quality, productivity, customer satisfaction, timeliness, and any other measurable business attribute; however, six sigma cannot be applied to situations or processes that lack historical data and tangible metrics. Intangible objectives such as employee motivation, commitment etc can also be improved by using Six Sigma methodology only if these subjective attributes can be converted to measurable objectives and can be measured to derive a quantifiable number that can describe the present status. Despite presence of proven and efficient quality tools and techniques in the market, some companies have embraced Six-Sigma methodology as their guiding force towards TQM. The pioneers of this technique are Motorola and General Electric (GE), both adopted this technique to improve their manufacturing quality and waste reduction. General Electric embraced Six Sigma much more rampantly than any other firm in their manufacturing as well as service sectors. They attribute cost reduction, customer satisfaction improvement, Wall Street recognition and corporate synergies to application of Six Sigma methodologies. Six Sigma is embedded into GE’s culture. This company employs over 4000 Black Belts and 10000 Green Belts across its businesses, and has set a benchmark for Six

How Setting Goals Lead to Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 19

How Setting Goals Lead to Success - Essay Example Goal setting is one of the most likely natural things that we do as humans.   We tend to move from one region to the other with goals.   The challenge is that most people fail to harness the power of it fully.   Therefore, I learned that there is a magic in setting goals.   More specifically, a written down goals is essential towards my success as the writing clarifies my thoughts.   It helps in committing towards something that I am passionate about, be it in the short term or the long run.   Therefore, a well-written goal instils the inspiration on how to move forward having the goal in mind (Rouillard, 2010).Goals give a direction in all areas of success, be it in personal life or career. It gives a purpose to carry on with a particular task. Working on a well-set goal gives hope and determination to succeed in all activities. Without goals, it is rather difficult to focus and to have a direction in a particular task. Therefore, goal setting provides a benchmark for de termining whether one is succeeding or not. A well-set goal is a secret to success. As the saying goes, â€Å"a goal well set is halfway accomplished† (Rouillard, 2010). Setting goals is the foremost and the most important step towards any achievement in life. The action level, as well as the action itself, stands as the catalyst to turn a particular goal, which is inert, into something that is dynamic. Therefore, to realize the objectives, it is recommendable to know how to set the goals. It is not a matter of merely saying, â€Å"I want it, â€Å" and it happens all of a sudden. Goal setting starts with a careful consideration of what should be achieved and ends with hard work in the process of obtaining it. At the intermediate, there are rules that one has to embrace to make the set goals a success (Rouillard, 2010). The rules noted as follows. At the foremost, it is important to set a goal that motives a person. It is substantial that the set goal is valuable to the set ter, and similarly, there should be an interest in the outcome. It is important to set goals that relate to the high priorities in life. Without such focus, it is possible to end up with too many goals leaving less time to devote to each objective. Hence, goal achievement needs a commitment to maximizing the likelihood of success.

French Maginot Line A Defensive Failure History Essay

French Maginot Line A Defensive Failure History Essay The plan of investigation is going to be an analysis and evaluation of the history behind the French Maginot Line and why it failed. To undertake this study, the following was used: visiting a local library and researching in the reference section, researching at Troy High Schools Library, and going to a bookstore to purchase secondary sources. With these starting points, I found articles, journals, and documents, that may be able to offer important information and details to my research reinforcing my arguments. Through the usage of the information gathered in these sources, I will formulate a conclusion of the importance of why the French Maginot line was a defensive failure from Germany in WWII. B. Summary of Evidence The Maginot Line, named after French Minister of Defense Andrà © Maginot, was a French defense structure comprised of concrete fortification, anti-tank barriers, artillery armaments, machine gun turrets, and much more (Allcorn). France built this structure to protect its borders from Germany and Italy based on experiences during the First World War, and preliminary Second World War (Kaufmann). The reasoning behind the construction of the Maginot line comes from the immense French losses during the WWI. By the time the war had ended November 11, 1918, the eastern sector of France was invaded and occupied by enemies for four years (Allcorn). Within these years, the war had caused the deaths of over one million French citizens and, as a result, had a major impact on demographics in France, such as a steep drop in the national birth rates (Maurois). Being a witness to the repercussion of the war, France asked itself a vital question: what could France do to defend itself in the future? The Maginot Line seemed to be the answer. If Germans were to attempt another invasion in France, a defense fortress like the Maginot Line would prevent them from doing so. The construction of the Maginot Line consisted of multiple phases throughout the 1930s (Kaufmann). The STG (Service Technique du Gà ©nie) ran the project and was supervised by CORF (Comission dOrganisation des Rà ©gions Fortifià ©es) (Allcorn). The majority of construction was completed during 1939, costing about three billion francs (Allcorn). The Maginot Line seemed to be the pinnacle of defense structures at the time: it was a linear structure, with a succession of forts constructed in an continuous line (Jurga).   Each fort was placed about 15 km apart from the next, varying amongst terrain. Between each forts were casements, armored buildings from where machine-gun are fired, that further reinforced the Lines defenses (Jurga). The forts and interval casemates were adjoined by anti-tank barriers and barbed wires (Jurga). In essence, the ligne de principale rà ©sistance, with all of its forts, casements, and barriers, seemed to be the ultimate defensive structure. In theory, an invading German army would have to battle the Line as wholly conjoined system, not as series of individual forts and turrets (Robertson).   However, as the German Army drew closer to France, the French Commanders withdrew troops and artillery troops that connected the individual forts and turrets and deployed them elsewhere (Maurois).   This choice weakened much of the Lines firepower and infantry.  Hence, when the Germans attacked, they did not battle the  Line as envisioned by  its constructors (Kaufmann).   The WWII German invasion plan of 1940 (Sichelschnitt) was created to deal with the Line (Allcorn). A decoy force sat opposite the Line to instigate the Phony War: for 8 months, the Germans gave the impression that they were planning to invade the French at the Maginot Line by shooting artillery salvos on an area nearby (Feuchtinger). In the meantime, another German force cut through the Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as through the Ardennes Forest, which lay north of the main French defenses (Allcorn). Hence, the Germans were able to avoid directly attacking the Maginot Line. On May 10th, German forces had penetrated deep into France continued to advance until for fourteen days (Kaufmann). The French Prime Minister, Marshal Philippe Pà ©tain, realizing that France was overrun, proceeded to surrender and requested an armistice with Germany, which Adolf Hitler agreed to (Maurois). C. Evaluation of Sources Maurois, Andre. The Battle of France. Right Book Club, 1940. Print. Origin: The author of this document is Andre Maurois, a French author born in Normany, who served in the French army during several wars, including the First and Second World. Purpose: The purpose of this document is to describe what Maurois witness firsthand during his time in the Second World War, mostly the Battle of France and what lead up to it. During his times as a traveler for the French army, Maruois had several duties that required speaking to people from different nations, primarily the British and Americans. Value: The value of this document is that it provides firsthand insight into knowledge of what occurred in World War II. A behind-the-scenes look at what happened during the war is provided as insight through this source. Not to mention that it also includes several different perspectives and ideas because Maurois spoke to people from various international countries. Seeing how Maruois spoke to French, American, and British soldiers throughout the war, including those that had posted at the Maginot Line, this document will provide me with useful information regarding the Maginot Line. Limitation: This document is limited in that it may be biased from a French perspective. Despite the fact that it includes the opinions of those who are from America or Britain, Maurois, as a Frenchman, could have easily filtered out facts or ideas that he did not appreciate. Jurga, Robert. Fortress Europe: European Fortifications of World War II. Da Capo, 2002. Print. Origin: The author of this document is Robert Jurga, an American historian who studies specifically the era of the Second World War. Purpose: The purpose of this document is to look into the different types of defense structures that existed throughout Europe during the Second World War such as forts, bunkers, anti-tank barriers, and more. It describes in detail the sizes and fortifications of notable defense structures that were constructed during this time period, including the Maginot Line. Value: This document is valuable because it provides detailed descriptions of the Maginot Line such as the specific structures, building phases, and groups important to the construction of the Maginot line such as the STG (Service Technique du Gà ©nie) and CORF. Limitation: This document is limited in that it may be biased from an American perspective. Jurga, may have found certain defensive structures throughout Europe to be better than certain other ones. If he somehow considered the Maginot Line to be inferior, he may have put less effort into making a more detailed description of the design of structure. D. Analysis France had experienced catastrophic damage in World War I. After the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, France had a strong intent that it would never have to suffer from such a disaster again (Kaufmann). In 1920, both the government and military favored implementing a military tactic that would prevent any further German invasion (Allcorn). Many powerful figures in the French military, such as Marshall Foch, assumed that the German anger over their humiliating treatment at the signing of the Treaty of Versailles guaranteed that Germany would seek revenge (Kaufmann). As a result, the French military intent was to solely embrace the power of the defense (Kaufmann). When Andrà © Maginot took government office in 1929, he lead France to spend a fortune (nearly 3 billion francs) to construct a complete defense blockade, the Maginot Line, across the German border (Allcorn). He rashly opposed any objections to his plan, his only argument that the structure would surely prevent any further terrible bloodshed, like that of WWI, should there be another war (Kaufmann). The intended Line would run through the French-German and French-Italian borders (both foes during the war) and would have two functions: to deter an assault long enough to fully mobilize the French army, and to act as a bunker to fend off the assault (Kaufmann). Hence, any combat would occur on the French borders, avoiding internal harm and occupation. However, France made a critical error when they ceased to construct northern fortifications, which is where Germans would invade from (Feuchtinger). This was because Belgium, an ally, was north of France, and it was unthinkable that either one build such a colossal construction on their shared boundary: the Ardennes Forest. Furthermore, the French had believed that even if the Germans invaded through Belgium, they had considered the Ardennes Forest to be impenetrable due to its hilly and woody terrain (Maurois). As a result, the French decision to not extend the Maginot Line across the Ardennes Forest partly contributed it to become a defensive failure. On another note, many critics at the time claimed that the original design of the Line was too large and costly, which lead the project to become downsized (Jurga). Some of even proceeded that the only reason why the project did not extend across Belgium was because funds had been running out. In 1934, Chief of State Philippe Pà ©tain obtained a billion francs for construction, and many people saw this as definite overspending (Allcorn). Seeing how much was invested into a project that did not fulfill its purpose, it becomes evident why many people consider the Maginot Line a defensive failure. The errors of the French ultimately culminated in Frances failure to suspect and deter the Nazi invasion plan, the Sichelschnitt. Germany gave the impression that it was going to attack the Line; it posted a diversion army across the Line, whose mere presence prevented French soldiers at the Line to be used as reinforcements elsewhere (Kaufmann). On May 10th 1940, Germany attacked the Netherlands, through Belgium. France, at this point, was not worried-the war seemed to be according to plan, where troops at the Maginot Line would be used as a hinge to advance and deter the invasion through Belgium (Allcorn). However, the French did not expect that the German forces would cross Luxembourg, Belgium and go through the Ardennes. With well over one million troops and a thousand tanks, the German army easily crossed the impenetrable forest (Feuchtinger). They were faced with small resistance, and the French army began to wither. By June, Germans had swung behind the Line and cut it off fro m the rest of France, leading France to surrender and ultimately manifesting the Line as a defensive failure. E. Conclusion Though the Maginot Line had been considered by the French as the perfect defensive structure that would fend off an enemy invasion, it is clear that was not the case. Several factors contribute to why the Maginot Line was a defensive failure against the German invasion: the belief that the Line would be the only invasion entryway into France for the Germans, the wrong assumption that the Ardennes Forest was impenetrable, the failure to see that the German army opposite the Line was a diversion, the incompleteness of the Line (failing to extend across Belgium and the Ardennes Forest), and the high cost and time-consumption that went into it. The French had become paranoid from the damage it took from the World War I and invested too much time and money embracing the concept of defense without considering other possibilities such as from invasion elsewhere. As a result, the Maginot Line, the seemingly ultimate defensive structure, failed to perform its duty: to defend France. F. Bibliography Allcorn, William. The Maginot Line 1928-45. Grand Rapids: Osprey, 2003. Print. Feuchtinger, Edgar. 21st Panzer Division in Combat Against American Troops in France and Germany. United States Military, 1940. Print. Jurga, Robert. Fortress Europe: European Fortifications of World War II. Da Capo, 2002. Print. Kaufmann, J. E., and H. W. Kaufmann. Fortress France The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II (Stackpole Military History Series) (Stackpole Military History Series). New York: Stackpole, 2007. Print. Kaufmann, J. E. Maginot Line none shall pass. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1997. Print. Maurois, Andre. The Battle of France. Right Book Club, 1940. Print. Robertson, Harry S.. Report on French Defenses: Maginot Line. United States Military, 1940. Print. H. Additional O.P.V.Ls Feuchtinger, Edgar. 21st Panzer Division in Combat Against American Troops in France and Germany. United States Military, 1940. Print. Origin: The author of this document is Edgar Feuchtinger, a German General (Generalleutnant) during the Second World War. He was the Commander of the 21st Panzer-Division and participated in many critical German battles such as the Battle of Normandy. Purpose: This document is a debriefing of German General Feuchtinger by the United States after he and the rest of the German 21st Panzer Division were captured by the British. Feuchtinger kept records and logs of what he encountered throughout the war. The debriefing document includes what Feuchtinger had known about the Line at the time, including the number of forces encountered there and what kinds of artillery and weaponry the French had in possession. Value: The value of this document is that it provides firsthand insight into knowledge of what occurred in World War II. Not only is it from the perspective of a German, but a General, a critical military position which requires much knowledge and skill. This document will be able to provide me with inside details about the Maginot from a position that I would normally not be able to get from a document that is taken from an American perspective. Limitation: This document is limited in that it may be biased from a German perspective. The German general may have withheld important information due to the fact that the war wasnt actually over when he was being debriefed. Robertson, Harry S.. Report on French Defenses: Maginot Line. United States Military, 1940. Print. Origin: The author of this document is Harry S. Robertson, an American Colonel during the Second World War, who was part of the 75th Infantry Division and the 291st US infantry Regiment. Purpose: Harry S. Robertsons duty was to investigate the Maginot Line for American intelligence. Robertson, along with his unit, went inside the Line and took firsthand observations to debrief what they witnessed there such as weaponry, troop count, and artillery. Value: The value of this document is that it provides firsthand insight of what occurred in World War II. Unlike many other sources, Robertson was there to witness what the Maginot Line was like at the time of the War: he saw what types of armaments the French were in possession of or what the structural layout of the Line was like. More recent documents attempting to investigate the Maginot Line are not likely to provide as much detail as this document due to the fact they are not deduced from firsthand experiences. Limitation: This docume nt is limited in that it may be biased from an American perspective. Due to the fact that it was an Americans job to debrief what he sees in a French fortress, it is plausible to believe that Robertson may not have found the assignment to have been too interesting and that he may failed to provide a completely accurate investigational analysis of the structure.

Education and Safe Educational Environment Essay

â€Å"Rights talk seeps into spheres of American society where a sense of personal responsibility and of civic obligation traditionally have been nourished. An intemperate rhetoric of personal liberty in this way corrodes the social foundations on which individual freedom and security ultimately rest.† Because I agree with this quote, I firmly resolve the resolution that establishing a safe educational environment for grades K-12 justifies the infringement of civil liberties. I would like to offer the following definitions: Establish: to make firm or secure Safe Educational Environment: an environment conducive to learning where students are free from hurt, injury or loss Justifies: to demonstrate to be right, just, or valid Infringement: an encroachment, as of a right or privilege Civil Liberties: fundamental individual rights, such as freedom of speech and religion, protected by law against unwarranted governmental or other interference The value that the affirmative upholds is education. The value criterion I will use to uphold my value is safety. Safety is extremely important on any educational institute because it allows the students and faculty to learn and operate without any threat hanging over them. To explain my position, I offer the following contentions: Contention 1: Without the establishment of a safe learning environment, the ability to learn and to teach is severely hampered. Without a safe educational environment, the attainment of knowledge is difficult to achieve. As Michael Ferraraccio said, â€Å"If schools cannot operate in a violence-free atmosphere, then education will suffer, a result which ultimately threatens the well being of everyone.† An infringement of a student’s civil liberties is required to be able to maintain a safe and enjoyable learning atmosphere for both the students and the faculty. When a student does not feel secure in their learning area, they are often distracted and unable to focus. For example, a student cannot possibly concentrate if another classmate is spewing insults and cuss words at the teacher. However, if we allowed students the freedom of speech, this could be common place. Contention 2: Moral obligation to provide safe schools Donald Beci stated â€Å"Because a state requires compulsory school attendance, it has a moral duty to maintain student discipline and to protect children from violence that occurs while they are attending the very schools to which the state has bound them to attend.† A school is required to protect the children that it harbors, and thus some civil liberties must not be granted. Examples of these are the right to bear arms and the right to privacy, which could be construed to mean very dangerous things by students not mature enough to understand them. Also, privacy rights must not be granted in school, as it might endanger the safety of others. In fact, Donald Beci also says that, â€Å"In situations where the school administration and students share joint control of lockers, desks, or other school property, the students would not have a legitimate expectation of privacy in such property; thus, in the abscence of privacy, Fourth Amendment requirements would be inapplicable.† Thus schools must disregard some civil rights to uphold the value of safety which most of them abide by. The affirmative has proven that schools must disregard students’ civil rights in order to ensure a good and safe learning environment.

Micrographics Management and Control Process

Micrographics is defined as the technology of document and information microfilming. It is associated with the production, handling and use of microforms. Microforms contain microimages. Micrographics technology consists of numerous procedures and equipments to produce, store, reproduce, retrieve, preserve and use microforms. Microforms contain microimages like microfilms which are basically units of information which have to be magnified in order to be read. When records are too large to handle or have to be retained for use many years later they are microfilmed. Micrographics require that records be prepared for copying, copy the records and ensure the quality of the copies. Micrographics management involves management issues, project management issues and technical issues. Management issues involve the preliminary stage of converting the records to the required medium. Next would be to entrust the work to agents and the last one is to deal with specifications developed and to follow control guidelines. The New York State Archives recommends many guidelines that can be followed for effective management. The guidelines for micrographics management are listed below. Determining the appropriate method for converting records-microfilming/imaging Assign a vendor for conversion or perform it by self Adhere to technical requirements to produce quality images Prepare a proposal request Select the vendor thoughtfully after going through various bids Organize, arrange documents ready for imaging/microfilming Contact/communicate with vendors periodically Track progress of project Duplicate records and index Verify the images and store them after ensuring storage conditions Micrographics process control ensures that preservation norms are followed once the filming is complete. The various factors to be considered for control are density which is the degree of opacity of the area exposed to filming, the document orientation, reduction ratio, contrast, splicing, resolution, format and last of all packing and storage. Control of the various stages in micrographics ensures that quality is assured after the process is completed. Generally the micrographics con trol list form which records the microfilms transferred for storage is completed as a check list for quality. Random sampling is done and the microfilms are tested and inspected for quality. Micrographics control process aids in utilizing the technology for what it was intended to full extent. Some advantages of the control process include but are not limited to retrieving information quickly, saving space, protection of records, retain integrity of documents and ease information distribution. Micrographics can be justified for numerous reasons but maintaining quality through control would benefit the user immensely by achieving superior results. The control process ensures that the microfilm accurately depicts the original and can be identified clearly. References EPA Records Management Manual   Micrographic Management Available at http://www.epa.gov/records/policy/2160/2160-06.htm (accessed on Oct 31,2006) Introduction to Micrographics – Archives technical Information Available(accessed on Oct 31,2006) Basic introduction to Micrographics PDF   (accessed on Oct 31,2006) Micrographics Available at http://www.admfincs.forces.gc.ca/admfincs/subjects/cfao/036-59_e.asp (accessed on Oct 31,2006)               

Comparison Of Yorkville Crossing White Teens, Hip Hop,...

Critique of Cutler Yorkville Crossing: White Teens, hip hop, and African American English written by Cecilia Cutler examined the transition of Mike in and out of black culture. Mike lived in one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in New York City, Yorkville; however, he attempted to integrate himself into black culture by using African American Vernacular English (AAVE). Cutler describes AAVE origins and culture associated with the way of speaking. The paper begins by arguing that Hatala’s work on Carla was not representative because she was not a native speaker. Cutler dives into Mike’s background to explain where she explains his home life, school life, and contrasted his background from Carla’s. Mike went to an exclusive, expensive private school, and was raised in a good family (Cutler, 1999). Cutler discussed Mike’s transition into hip hop culture, including his change in dress and speak. According to Cutler’s notes, at age 13, Mike began to wear baggy clothes, wear a baseball cap backwards, and listen to hip hop. Mike tried to hide where he was from in order to best fit in. She acknowledged that this is very common for teenagers at that age. Mike eventually got involved with gangs and drugs and was expelled from his school. After transferring schools, Mike decided that he did not like how black people kept to themselves and began to phase out of the culture. Since then his life has been on a primarily upward trend (Cutler, 1999). Cutler then focused on Mike’s speech